BMW 3 series E30

Since 1983-1994 of release

Repair and car operation



BMW E30
+ 1. The maintenance instruction
+ 2. Maintenance service
+ 3. The engine
+ 4. Cooling system
+ 5. Heating and ventilation
+ 6. Fuel system
+ 7. An exhaust system
+ 8. Transmissions
+ 9. Coupling
+ 10. Brake system
+ 11. A running gear
+ 12. A body
+ 13. An electric equipment
- 14. A good advice
   14.2. Changed numbers
   14.3. Purchase of the old car or a mysterious set of figures and letters
   14.4. Durability of the car
   14.5. About parallelism of bridges of the car and the trailer
   14.6. Preparation of the car for winter
   14.7. A rule 35
   14.8. A choice of the second-hand car
   14.9. Engine oils
   14.10. That it is necessary to know, changing oil
   14.11. Occurrence in deposit oil
   14.12. Whether it is possible to mix import oils?
   14.13. "Eats" much, but silently goes
   14.14. It is more likely live, than it is dead …
   14.15. It is not got - a good advice
   14.16. Visit to car-care centre
   14.17. A gear belt for a mechanism drive газораспределения
   14.18. Deterioration of pistons
   14.19. Valves
   14.20. Bearings of engines
   14.21. Engine pollution
   14.22. As the conditioner works and what to do, if it has failed
   14.23. The conditioner: not only "pluses", but also "minuses"
   14.24. Rules of service of the conditioner
   14.25. It is not necessary to stir antifreeze with antifreeze …
   14.26. That it is necessary to know at purchase of the air filter
   14.27. An engine overheat
   14.28. That it is necessary to know to the owner of the car with инжекторным the engine
   14.29. The accumulator
   14.30. Possible malfunctions of the storage battery
   14.31. What to do with the failed generator
   14.32. The belt is guilty, and we blame the generator
   14.33. The catalyst
   14.34. Three in one - or how to save the catalyst
   14.35. Пробуксовочка
   14.36. Features of operation of brake system
   14.37. Malfunctions of brake system
   14.38. Brake liquids
   14.39. АБС: a natural choice
   14.40. Wheel disks
   14.41. We update wheel disks
   14.42. The scheme of marks of an automobile tyre
   14.43. Metal corrosion
   14.44. An automake-up
   14.45. What creaks?
   14.46. The hatch
   14.47. A safety pillow: troubles or pleasures?
   14.48. We fit well?
   14.49. Anticreeping "immunodeficiency"
   14.50. Why headlights grow dull
   14.51. "Галогенки"
   14.52. About correct adjustment of headlights
   14.53. The electric motor
   14.54. From change of places "composed" varies nothing?


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14.39. АБС: a natural choice
THE GENERAL DATA

To formulate appointment АБС it is simple – it interferes with blocking of wheels at braking. The brake pedal is too strongly pressed? It doesn't matter – electronics, comparing signals of gauges of speed of rotation on each of wheels, defines the moment of a sudden stop of a wheel and, opening the electromagnetic valve, dumps surpluses of pressure from a brake highway in the special hydroaccumulator. Brake колодки are unclenched, wheel rotation is restored, the valve connects again a highway to pressure which by means of the vacuum amplifier of brakes is created by the right foot of the driver. And if this pressure is still too great, the cycle repeats again and again. In salon inclusion АБС is shown by a crash at work of the executive block and pushes on a brake pedal, more or less appreciable depending on a system design. Actually, АБС simulates actions of the skilled driver which on slippery road avoids blocking of wheels, using faltering braking. But АБС does it with frequency inaccessible to the person and accuracy – to 15 times a second.

As a result of АБС should not only provide to the car the minimum brake way, but also force it to answer the helm – after all wheels slide and perceive lateral force, coupling of tyres with a covering how much allows. Also it is the basic advantage АБС. After all in case of blocking of wheels the car it is uncontrollable slides directly, even when the steering-wheel is turned out against the stop.

Fears

It would seem, all is already clear. Antiblocking systems are recognised by all civilised auto world and already became the standard equipment on cars, since middle class. But voices of the dissatisfied are often distributed also.

"No electronics will be compared to the skilled driver, – tell one. – give me the same car without АБС, and I will stop earlier!"

Another do not like that АБС, interfering with braking process, absolutely excludes participation of the person. As press on a pedal, it with not palatable vibration will be back pushed out. The car brakes itself, to affect a delay course it is impossible in any way, besides with АБС it is very difficult to calculate a brake way and to predict, where the car will stop. It is necessary to wait only... Intolerably for the driver, got used to own a situation!

And the third nod on раллистов. A pier, not without reason those are afraid АБС, as of a plague! And to them, sportsmen, more visibly...

The gauge of speed of rotation of a wheel settles down in a nave

To disconnect not disconnected...

To place all in places, we have gone on a technological crime. Have found under a cowl the tip which approaches to executive block ABS, and have pulled out it from a nest, having forced to light up yellow контрольку АБС and is disturbing to start blinking a red bulb of brakes in a combination of devices. So we deactivated not disconnected antiblocking system. Tests passed under such scheme. We have chosen four basic exercises: braking on a straight line – on the homogeneous and mixed covering (миксте), in turn and during an obstacle detour (that is at performance of maneuver the rerate). Passat have equipped with a data-acquisition equipment precisely measuring speed and a brake way. And at the wheel there were our experts-verifiers. However, some of exercises were offered for making and to usual drivers of the most different qualification – from the beginning motorist to the skilled professional. All could be trained before control arrivals, get used to the car and "adjust fire" to the next maneuver.

Each exercise carried out in two series. At first did more than ten arrivals with working АБС, then disconnected system, and the car hastened again to the line of the next maneuver marked by bright landmarks.

How to brake?

With antiblocking system all is simple: you wish to receive the greatest possible delay – a bog, without thinking twice, a pedal in a floor. And how to brake without АБС?

At first we have tried to do all "under the theory" – to brake on the verge of blocking of wheels. Does not leave! Too sensitive фольксвагеновская the pedal does not allow to dose out precisely brake force – and we are mistaken, and both in that, and in other party. And it in quiet conditions. And try to make it in an extreme situation when failure threatens!

Then we have applied the tested way – faltering braking.

And for comparison tried, without philosophising crafty, to brake "in a floor", with blocking of wheels. In what a difference? On a straight line the main difference – in course stability. Especially brightly it was showed at braking on миксте. Under the left wheels there was a wet asphalt, and under right – a snow-covered roadside.

Braking with blocking of wheels

1. Faltering braking

2. Braking with АБС

3. The braking beginning, speed of 64 km/h

With included АБС the car at first starts to withdraw towards a covering with the best coupling, but electronics works regularly: Passat it is instantly levelled and further brakes on a straight line, practically without demanding подруливаний. During faltering braking without АБС to the driver it was necessary to taxi up a little, and the brake way has appeared more.

But with full blocking of wheels the car braked almost as effectively, as with АБС. But thus it sharply developed to the left on a dangerous corner – to 40 °! Prize АБС here is obvious.

Covering surprises

Ice happens smooth, as a mirror, and rough, as a sandpaper surface. Snow happens dense, unrolled, friable, bound together, frozen together...

To what it we? And to that each covering has the specificity, and after our tests to give an unambiguous answer on a question interesting all – in what conditions the brake way with АБС will be less, than without it – we cannot!

Variants weight. For example, when at numerous stops on the same straight line of a wheel of our car накатали a track of the rough ice crumbed by thorns the brake way with АБС and without it with the blocked wheels has appeared almost identical. Not without reason our sportsmen say that the most "tenacious" covering – not asphalt, and исполосованный "nails" an ice track. And on snow – here so a surprise! – the car with АБС stopped a bit later. All the matter is that on a snow covering the coupling factor has appeared more low, than on rough ice – thorns here work not so effectively. For АБС, probably, it has appeared unprofitable. But at "usual" faltering braking (has pressed – has released – has pressed) during blocking of wheels before them the snow platen which helps the car to be slowed down more intensively is formed. Work АБС interferes with wheel blocking – and the platen it is impossible.

Be not afraid to twist a wheel!

 

Imagine quite real situation: before you in slippery turn suddenly brings the truck, and it is developed across by roads. Or another: from lateral journey on rather narrow street directly before a nose the car jumps out and partitions off your strip, leaving free only counter.

On a wave of the adrenaline which has rushed in blood the driver in panic, reflex, with all the might will press a brake. Wheels will be blocked. And with the blocked wheels the car in the first situation will take off outside of turn, and for the second – врежется in an obstacle. For without АБС to avoid failure faltering braking will help only, and here from the driver it is required not only outstanding composure and endurance, but also uncommon skill.

And here our example. The most experienced expert needed to call to the aid all ability that, alternating strictly dosed out pushes on pedals of a brake and exact work as a wheel, to repeat and even hardly to surpass results of the same maneuvers with АБС.

But what from that? After all even the verifier needed to make for this purpose more than ten ranging arrivals, and in a real situation the chance will be only one! And electronics here will work reliably and in the blessing.

At braking in turn the problem of the driver in general was the elementary: has pressed a brake, has turned a wheel – and the car, accurately tracing the set trajectory, it is intensively slowed down. It is accessible to any. It is important to remember only that during braking with АБС by car it is possible and it is necessary to operate. Has not frozen to compress a wheel, and dared to operate with it!

At an obstacle detour (we braked at performance of maneuver of the rerate familiar to our readers) the situation was such. When speed of performance of maneuver has come nearer to limiting, after an obstacle detour drift of a back axis started to develop. It was both with АБС, and without it. But using АБС, it was possible to reduce speed so that drift was not so sharp both deep. And the brake way after a detour on 15 metres was shorter. Essentially!

However, to be kept on road, at drift correction it was necessary to release a brake pedal even at working antiblocking system. Why? We do not argue, АБС leaves possibility to change a trajectory at emergency braking, instead of to slide on a straight line with the blocked wheels. But at struggle against drift work АБС too reduces efficiency of correcting actions by a wheel. And even to those drivers, whose cars are equipped АБС, in similar situations it is necessary to be ready for an instant to release a brake pedal, meaningly having refused electronics services.

Car-revue